The Power of Motivation in Learning Process

Chapter 1

Introduction

A.    Background of Study

Education in this era is a very important role in the development of human resource capacity.  So for Indonesia itself states require a minimum of 9 years school, In fact, many students in Yogyakarta who continued to higher education. They spend time to learn According to Driscoll there are two things to note in the study, namely: The first study is a permanent change in one's activity and the second study that appeared in students is the result of student interaction with the environment will ideally refer to three aspects: cognitive (knowledge change), psychomotor (skill changes), affective (changing values ​​and attitudes). So motivation is very important either students or teacher in learning process. For students the importance of motivation in learning is to realize the position in early learning, processes and outcomes. In addition and inform you about the power of learning effort in comparison with other students.  Motivation can give a student more spirit in learning thus a teacher as guide in teaching process should do it every day especially when student seem confused, lazy and tired in learning.

This analyzing will explain about motivation in learning process and I think it is very interesting because effective learning can help students to increase their ability. To enhance an effective way of learning we need to pay attention for internal conditions and external conditions. Internal conditions are the conditions in students such as physiological and psychological, while the external conditions are the conditions that exist outside of the student as a learning environment. Important role of motivation in learning and teaching, among others, is to determine things that can be used as reinforcement learning, clear learning objectives to be achieved, determine the range of control over their learning stimulation, and determine the persistence of learning. Here will be discussed later several of motivational perspective. So hopefully this paper may be useful for teachers and students in teaching and learning process.

Finally, me as the author fell that I far from perfect in writing this paper so that hopefully Mr Eka as my lecture in writing four to correct and give critic for my mistake either structure or arrangement in sentences.

B.     Statement of problem

1.      What is Motivation

2.      What is the Function of Motivation

3.      what is the Factors in giving motivation

4.      The Advantages and weakness in giving motivation.

C.    The objective of Study

The purposes of this paper actually for a knowledge and information to the reader especially a teacher about how to teach children in learning process well.

D.    The significance of Study

1.      Expectation that we could answer of the questions above.

2.      Expectation that we will find a good concept in learning process.

3.      Expectation that it could be a resolution in teaching method.

4.      Expectation that this result of thought will be the best information substance about the concept of teaching.

CHAPTER 2

Finding and Discussion

1.      What Is Motivation

Many experts define what it is motivation. The term is derived from the word motive which means the power contained in a person, which causes the individual to act. According Walgito (1997), motivation is a drive, energy, factor, which exists in humans that cause, mobilize and organize behavior. Meanwhile, Gade and Barlin (Slavin, 1991) equate motivation with the machine (intensity) and the drive wheel (direction) on a car, even though the actual intensity and direction of motivation is often difficult to ensure.

In the concept of behavioral psychology nothing happens by chance, someone does something that serves as a driving force directing behavior. Motifs can be divided into three kinds, namely biogenetic motif, motif Sosiogenetis, and theological motives. Biogenetic motifs are motifs derived from the organism needs for continued life, such as hunger, thirst’s needs rest, and so forth. Sosiogenetis motifs are motifs derived from the cultural environment where people are located. Theological motifs is human who godless creature, so there is interaction between man and his God, as prayer in daily life, the realization of religious norms appropriate (Santrock, 2008).

The description above can be concluded that the motivation is the driving impulse contained in man to perform activities in order to achieve certain goals, objectives that can be a performance / optimal results with excellence. The advantages would include the perfection and excellence in completing tasks that are based on the achievements attained by other people.

2.      The Function of Motivation

As noted previously that the motivation is needed by a teacher in the learning process because it is not only to encourage but also to provide additional morale for students. The important role of motivation in learning and teaching, among others, is to determine the things that can be used as reinforcement learning, clear learning objectives to be achieved, determine the range of control over their learning stimulation, and determine the persistence of learning

Motivation is the heart of his learning process. By kerana motivation is so important in the learning process, and then the task is first and foremost a teacher is to arouse or to build a student motivation towards what will be learned by the student. Motivation is not only moving behavior, but also directs and reinforces the behavior. Students who are motivated in learning will show interest, enthusiasm and high persistence in the lesson, without much depends on guru. According to the experts there are two types of motivation are common motivation, namely intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation is the desire to act caused by the driving factors that originate from within the individual, and the purpose of the act involved in the action itself, it is not outside the act. Whereas the extrinsic motivation the desire to behave as a result of external stimulation or cause of power from outside.

There are various ways that can be done by teachers in motivating students in learning through the development of extrinsic motivation, such as honor or reproach, fostering competition, reward or punishment, and inform the progress made by students. Each method has strengths and weaknesses themselves. Teachers must determine the most appropriate way so that the weaknesses can be reduced or avoided altogether, and instead there are forces that are developed and utilized as much as possible.

3.      Factors in giving motivation

According to my opinion there are many factors that cause a teacher must give motivation to the students in the class when learning and teaching process going on. 

One of them is:

1)      Students Aspiration

We are as teacher should know what students want is in their future because it is very important to know their talent in their self. 

2)      Students Ability

In the study required a variety of abilities. These capabilities include psychological aspects contained in the student such as observation, attention, memory, thinking power, and fantasy. And all that has been owned by the students should be motivated to keep the spirit in the students' learning. It can be done by a teacher in the middle of teaching. (Pre, middle and before Closing).

3)      Students Condition

Conditions that affect students' learning motivation related to physical conditions and psychological conditions But teachers usually quicker to see the physical condition, because it clearly shows symptoms of psychological conditions. For example, students who appear lethargic, sleepy, probably due to school have not breakfast yet, probably due to staying up all night or maybe being sick.

4)      Students Environment

Environmental conditions are elements of the student outside the family environment, school, and community. For teachers it is important, because the teacher is directly involved in student learning. Teachers should try to manage the classroom, creating a fun learning atmosphere to motivate student learning.

4.      The Advantages and Weakness of Motivation

Giving a motivation in English learning is very important especially when we know that the students feel bored and confused with the material was given by a teacher. But not later motivation should always be given by teachers to students because I think there is a positive side and negative.

•  The Advantages of motivation

Motivation provides us with energy to purse outcomes. The energy may come from an inside source or an outside source. These sources can be defined as either extrinsic or intrinsic motivation (Rodgers & Loitz, 2009). Extrinsic motivation “lies outside of the individual and the task being performed”, whereas, intrinsic motivation “lies within the individual and task” (Ormond, 2008). The task is found to be enjoyable and worthwhile alone.

One of the advantages is Long-lasting, Self-sustaining, Focuses on the subject rather than the reward or punishment, Quickly changes behaviors, Requires little effort or preparation and Requires little knowledge of the students

• Disadvantages of Motivation

Except the advantages probably giving motivation has disadvantages one of them is Slow to change the behavior, Requires lengthy preparation and special attention, a variety of approaches may be needed to motivate students, provides distraction from learning, difficulty in determining appropriate rewards and punishment, ineffective after a long period of time, once the reward is removed, motivation is lost

Both motivational types can influence the learning behavior of a student. Research suggests that extrinsic rewards can have a negative impact on intrinsic motivation; therefore, extrinsic methods should be used carefully and sparingly (Vanderbilt University: Center for Teaching, 2011).

Conclusion

Everyone need a motivation in their self because it’s very important to increase our spirit and ability especially a teacher when they are teaching their student in the class, because according to experts research said that the motivation can improve student confidents for example Walgito (1997) who said that ‘’ a motivation is a drive, energy, factor, which exists in humans that cause, mobilize and organize behavior so that it is very support in teaching process.

Peran Pesantren di Tengah Hedonisme dan Era Globalisasi

Oleh: Muhammad Edi Sugianto

Sebenarnya tulisan ini tidak mempunyai pretesnsi apa-apa, kecuali menginginkan para pembaca agar bisa mawas diri, sehingga tidak hanya menjadi pendengar setia ketika ada orang menyebut kata Pesantren yang begitu popular di seantero nusantara ini. ‘’Pesantren’’ begitulah sebutan bagi lembaga tertua negeri tercinta ini yang sangat berjasa sekali dalam pembangunan serta mengisi dan mengembangkan Indonesia.  Sehingga penulis sangat tergugah untuk menyampaikan ide-idenya tentang peran pesantren ditengah kehidupan hedonisme dan era globalisasi yang pada saat ini telah menjadi bahan kajian serta  perbandingan bagi para pembaca.

Kalau kita telaah lebih dalam lagi, pesantren merupakan wadah dimana terdapat anak-anak, remaja dan dewasa sebagai penghuni tetap di dalamnya, mereka bertujuan untuk menggali potensi diri mereka masing-masing didalam lembaga yang mempunyai cirri khas tersendiri ini. Karena pesantren memang bertujuan untuk unutk mencetak para kader islam yang akan berjuang demi agamanya, (Sabili, 2006:29). Hal ini sangat konten sekali dengan dunia pesantren yang selalu mendoktrin anak didiknya untuk bertafakkuh fiddin seperti yangt elah tertera dalam konteks Al-quran.

Secara umum, selain ciri khas utama pesantren sebagai lembaga yang mengajarkan ilmu-ilmu agama sebagai pondasi  awal, pesantren juga mampu menyisipkan ilmu-ilmu umum untuk menambah ghirah belajar para santriwan santriwati. Sehingga, pesantren tetap mampu berdiri dan mempuni dalam kemandiriannya yang apabila dilihat dari para jebolan atau output yang didirikan pertama kali oleh para wali songo hususnya dipulau jawa untuk sarana menyebarkan agama islam, hal ini telah dibuktikan oleh beberapa pesantren yang mampu berdikari dan mandiri dimanapun mereka berpijak di atas tanah pertiwi yang begitu subur sebagai alas mereka. Menilik dari fenomina yang ada, terlahir sesosok ‘’Hidayat Nurwahid Abdurrahman Wahid’’  yang merupakan politisi ulung tanpa melupakan sosok cendikiawan  muslim yang selalu berusaha menampakkan akhlak terpuji dan kewibawaan sehingga tak seorangpun yang tak mengenal beliau berdua. Bahkan mereka mampu memnghipnutis semua orang dengan kewibawaan dan keindahan akhak yang selalu menghiasi kehidupan sehari-harinya. Tidak hanya sikap yang mereka tunjukkan tetapi juga pemikiranya yang sampai saat ini menjadi rujukan bagi setiap insan akademis. Bahkan walau belum lama malang-melintang di jagad politik nasional beliau telah berhasil memberikan keteladanan yang sangat berarti serta patutu dicontoh oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat baik tua maupun generasi muda saat ini yang sudah jauh berbeda serta menyimpang dari ajaran agama. Hal ini tidak luput dari jasa pesantren yang memang mengajarkan hal-hal tersebut.

Dari gambaran di atas sangat jelas sekali bahwa pendidikan pesantren sangatlah paradok dengan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan di luar pesantren yang kebanyakan para siswa siswinya terpengaruh oleh dunia hedon yang datangnya secara samar sehingga hal tersebut mempengaruhi pada pola hidup dan fikir para siswanya. Hal ini bisadibuktikan dengan waktu mereka yang dihabiskan untuk Hangout diberbagai tempat yang dianggap oleh mereka sebabai sebagai tempat kepuasan dhahiriyah saja. Seperti Mall, café dan toko-toko swalayan sedangkan perpustakaan dan buku yang seharusnya menjadi tempat mereka untuk menghabiskan waktu mereka membaca buku sebagai sarana mengisi otak dengan info-info yang positif. Hal ini tidak lagi menjadi prioritas kegiatan mereke melaikan sebagai sampingan dan kebutuhan yang kesekian. Untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut penulis berpendapat Pesantrenlah tempat yang tepat terbaik sebagai tempat berlabuh untuk menuntuk ilmu sebanyak mungkin, baik agama maupun umum.

 

Terdapat banyak perbedaaan yang mencolok antara pesantren dan lembaga di luar pesantren Pertama denga keterbatasan yang dimiliki pesantren mampu tampil sebagai lembaga unggulan dalam memumpa semangat belajar peserta didik yang nantinya akan menjadi generasi yang berakhlak karimah dan berpandangan jauh ke depan yang orientasinya pada masa depan yang brilliant hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan sekitar pesantren yang selalu mengajarkan jauh dari pergaulan bebas bahkan mereka menampilkan pola hidup sederhana dan bersahaja di mata masyarakat, apalagi dilihat dari aktifitas sehari-harinya pesantren merupakan tempat beribadah yang murni, mulai dari sholat berjamaah, pergi kepesarean para kiai sepuh, mengaji kitab klasik karangan karya ulama terdahulu baik yang berhubungan dengan hokum syariah, muamalah dan lain sebagainya. Penurut penulis tepaat sekali kalau kita mengatakan bahwa pesantrenlah yang selama ini memberikan sumbangsih besar bagi masyarakat yang buta akan kegemerlapan fana ini. Hal ini yang harus kita ajungi jempol meskipun pemerintah tidak mengguyurkan dana yang berarti bagi dunia pesantren, namu hal tersebut tidak menghalangi untuk proses keberlangsungan belajar mengajar karena mereka tidak terobsesi dengan gaji yang tinggi tapi lembaga ini tetap konsisten di dalam menghasilkan outputnya yang dibutuhkan orang banyak. Karena selama ini pesantren telah tampil seperti halnya lahan pertanian yang siap ditanami apa saja yang nantinya akan kita rasakan hasilnya bersama serta menjadi produk yang mampu mendobrak dari keterbelakangan sampai-sampai penulis tidak bisa mendeteksi sudah berapa juta orang yang telah merasakan kebahagiaan bersama di dalam pesantren bahkan mulai mantan presiden Kiai Abdurrahman Wahid, Amin Rais, KH. Hasyim Muzadi dkk menjadi icon pesentren, inilah dunia pesantren yang penuh dengan kejutan dan tidak akan pernah berhenti untuk memberikan lulusan-lulusan terbaiknya dari segi keilmuan, pemikiran dan prestasinya mulai dari dunia pendidikan, politik, jurnalistik, bisnis.